![]() As a result, some EDs have implemented public health interventions and treatment for PWID, including routine HIV and HCV screening, substance use treatment, and other harm reduction interventions. In addition to blood-borne viral infections, PWID have a complex set of health-related problems, including high rates of skin and soft tissue infections, overdose, and homelessness, and low rates of health insurance and access to primary care which contribute to disproportionate emergency department (ED) utilization. PWID account for 12% of new HIV and 60% of new HCV infections in the United States (US) annually, and there has been a marked increase in HCV transmission directly related to the opioid epidemic and PWID. Additionally, PWID are exposed to significant adverse risk environments that can lead to HIV and HCV infections, including homelessness, high-risk sexual practices, and incarceration. The high-risk practice of sharing needles, syringes, and other drug injection equipment put PWID at high risk for acquiring and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Most notably, this increase in PWID has been related to the opioid epidemic and non-medical use of prescription opioids. The opioid epidemic has led to an increase in the number of persons who inject drugs (PWID). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The grant provided partial salary support and program support for HIV and HCV screening in the emergency department. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: We have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: ESA, CR, KB, HL, AC, and DAEW received funding from Gilead Sciences FOCUS Grant. The contact person for such queries is Jen Sun, Authors ESA, CR, KB, HL, AC, and DAEW, received funding from Gilead Sciences FOCUS Grant. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The data underlying the results presented in the study are available from Alameda Health System Institutional Review Board after appropriate review and patient information is de-identified. Received: JanuAccepted: Published: June 4, 2020Ĭopyright: © 2020 Anderson et al. PLoS ONE 15(6):Įditor: Kimberly Page, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, UNITED STATES (2020) High prevalence of injection drug use and blood-borne viral infections among patients in an urban emergency department. ![]() Citation: Anderson ES, Russell C, Basham K, Montgomery M, Lozier H, Crocker A, et al. ![]()
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